1. 比较分三种: 一原级；二比较级；三最高级；

　　2. 比较级和最高级的构成：

　　(1) 规则变化:

　　(A) 单音节和双音节字在字尾加-er和-est。

　　原级 比较级 最高级

　　small smaller smallest

　　wise wiser wisest

　　dry drier driest

　　hot hotter hottest

　　后三组注意加-er和-est的变化。

　　(A) 三音节以上的字和部分两音节以上的字, 在原级前面加more和most。

　　原级 比较级 最高级

　　useful more useful most useful

　　diligent more diligent most diligent

　　(2) 不规则变化:

　　good(好的)和well(健康的)的比较级都是better; 最高级都是best;

　　bad(坏的)和ill(生病的)的比较级都是worse; 最高级都是worst;

　　many(很多的)和much(作形容词是大量的; 作副词是非常地)比较级都是more; 最高级都是most;

　　little(作形容词是小的; 作副词是一点地)有两个比较级是little, smaller less; 两最高级是littlest, smallest least;

　　far(作副词是远地)的两个比较级是farther(更远, 表距离), further(更进步, 表程度); 两个最高级是farthest, furthest;

　　old的两个比较级是older(表年龄或新旧), elder(表长幼顺序); 两个最高级是oldest, eldest;

　　late的两个比较级是later(表时间), latter(表顺序); 两个最高级是latest(最近的), last(最后的);

　　3. 比较的方式:

　　(1) 相等比较: ...as + 原级 + as... 和 ...as + 原级 + 名词 + as...;

　　William is as poor as John. ( = William's poverty is equal to John's.)

　　She has as much money as I (have).

　　(2) 劣等比较: ...less + 原级 + than...( = not so or as + 原级 + as...;)

　　She is less careful than her. = She is not so (or as) careful as her.

　　(3) 优等比较: ...比较级 + than... 和 ...the + 比较级 + of the two;

　　He is more careful than her.

　　Jim is the more stupid of the two boys.

　　4. 最高级的表达方式:

　　(1) 优等比较: (最)

　　...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)

　　...the + 最高级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场所(单数)

　　A giraffe is the tallest of (or among) all animals.

　　A giraffe is the tallest in the animal kingdom.

　　(2) 劣等比较: (最不)

　　...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + of (or among) + 人或物(复数)

　　...the + least + 原级( + 单数名词或one) + in + 场合(单数)

　　Grammar is the least interesting of (or among) all the subjects.

　　Jack is the least diligent boy in his class.

　　(3) 其他表示最高级的方式:

　　(A) 用原级表示最高级。

　　He is as happy as he can be. = He is happiest.

　　(B) "比较级 + than any other + 单数名词"表示最高级。

　　This is more difficult than any other book here.

　　= This is the most difficult of all the books here.

　　(C) 否定的比较级表示最高级。

　　Nothing can be simpler than this. = This is the simplest thing of all.

　　(D) 叙述用法的最高级形容词。

　　Summer is hottest in July. She was happiest when she was young.

　　1. 不用than的比较:

　　(1) than的省略:

　　Never before did he work harder (than now).

　　(2) 作限定用法的形容词, 常接代名词one.

　　I want a better job.

　　Bring me a smaller one.

　　(3) 作叙述用法的形容词.

　　He is better now.

　　It is warmer this morning.

　　(4) 接if子句的比较级.

　　You will understand it easier if you consult the dictionary.

　　(5) 只作限定用法的形容词比较级, 如: inner, outer, upper, former, latter, utter, elder, etc.

　　The plan was an utter failure.

　　My brother will come back from America in the latter part of the year.

　　(6) 比较级 + and + 比较级"越来...越"

　　He became more and more eloquent towards the end of his speech.

　　(7) 由拉丁文而来的比较级(接to不接than).

　　He is junior to me. (to之后接受格)和 He is younger than I. (than之后接主格)

　　其它的例子如下:

　　senior(= older)和junior(= younger); superior(= better)和inferior(= worse); major(= more)和minor(= less); prior(= before)和prefer(= like better);

　　(1) prefer + (动)名词 + to + (动)名词= prefer to + 原形 rather than + 原形

　　I prefer reading to talking. = I prefer to read rather than talk.

　　(2) The + 比较级, the + 比较级 "越, 越"

　　The more I read, the more intensely interested I became.

　　The more he has, the more he wants.

　　第一个the是关系副词, 引导副词子句, 修饰第二个the(指示副词).(红色修饰黑色)

　　The happier a human being is, the longer he lives.

　　在句意明确时, 常以省略句的形式出现.

　　The sooner (you do it), the better (it will be).

　　5. 含有否定词的比较级:

　　(1) no less than = as much (or many) as"多达"和not less than = at least"最少"

　　I have no less than (= as much as) 10,000 dollars.

　　He has not less than (= at least) 5 dollars.

　　(2) no less...than = as...as"和...一样"和not less + 原级 + than"至少不比...差; 也许比...更..."

　　She is no less rich than (= as rich as) her sister.

　　She is not less rich than her sister.

　　(3) no more than = only"只"和not more than = at most"最多"

　　He has no more than (= only) 10 dollars.

　　He has not more than (= at most) five.

　　(4) no more...than = not...any more than"和...一样不..."和not more...than = not so...as "没有到的程度; 不像...那样..."

　　I am no more mad than you are. (= I am not mad any more than you (are). = You are not mad, nor am I).

　　He is not more generous than John. (= He is not so generous as John.)

　　7. more than的用法:

　　(1) = over"过多; 以上"

　　It takes more than an hour.

　　(2) 修饰名词、形容词、副词、动词或子句，表"远超过；何止"。

　　The story of the erupted island is more than a story.

　　She was dressed more than simply.

　　His merits more than offset his demerits.

　　It is more than I can understand. (= It is beyond my understanding.)

　　8. 有关比较级应注意事项:

　　(1) 句义相当或同类的东西, 才级比较.

　　Most of the highways in America are wider than Europe. (错)

　　Most of the highways in America are wider than those in Europe. (对)

　　(2) 使用比较级时, 必须把本身除外, 常于other或else连用.

　　This book is more interesting than any other book.

　　This book is more interesting than any book else.